镗削是一种用刀具扩大孔或其它圆形轮廓的内径车削工艺，其应用范围一般从半粗加工到精加工，所用刀具通常为单刃镗刀（称为镗杆）。

Boring is an internal diameter turning process that uses a tool to enlarge holes or other circular outlines, and its application range is generally from semi rough to fine machining, and the tool used is usually a single edge boring tool (called a boring bar).

用麻花钻、扁钻或中心钻等在实体材料上钻削通孔或盲孔称为钻削加工。钻削加工除钻孔外，还包括扩孔及锪孔。所以钻孔是钻削的一种。

Drilling holes or blind holes on solid materials by means of twist drill, flat drill or central drill is called drilling. Besides drilling, drilling also includes reaming and counterboring. So drilling is a kind of drilling.

用反镗刀对反镗孔进行加工的方法叫反镗加工。

The method of machining reverse boring by reverse boring is called reverse boring.

单刃微调精镗刀：本实用新型涉及一种孔加工用单刃微调精镗刀，包括刀体和刀杆，其特征在于：所述刀体内置有滑动刀夹，滑动刀夹上固定有微调螺母，微调螺杆通过限位螺母、限位衬套和刀体连接，所述微调螺母与所述微调螺杆组成一对螺纹传动机构，所述滑动刀夹端部置有刀杆，并由锁紧螺钉锁紧固定，刀片置于所述刀杆的端部。所述微调螺杆的一端设置有刻度盘，刻度盘与所述限位螺母之间安装有蝶形弹簧。与现有的微调精镗刀相比，本实用新型结构紧凑，采用螺纹传动机构调整方便，镗孔范围可从φ２ｍｍ至φ１５０ｍｍ，刻度盘每旋转一格，精度为０．０１ｍｍ，调整范围大，调整精度高。

The utility model relates to a single blade fine tuning boring cutter for hole processing, which includes a knife body and a knife rod. The feature lies in that the knife body is built with a sliding knife clamp, a fine tuning nut is fixed on the slide knife clip, and the micro adjusting screw is connected by a limit nut, a limit bushing and a knife body, and the micro adjusting nut and the micro screw. The adjusting screw is composed of a pair of thread transmission mechanisms, and a cutter bar is arranged at the end of the sliding clamp, and is locked by a locking screw, and the blade is positioned at the end part of the cutter bar. One end of the fine tuning screw is provided with a scale plate, and a butterfly spring is arranged between the dial and the limiting nut. Compared with the existing fine fine boring boring cutter, the utility model has compact structure, convenient adjustment of threaded transmission mechanism, the boring range can be from 2mm to 150mm, the scale plate is rotated each one, the precision is 0.01mm, the adjustment range is large and the adjusting precision is high.

浮动镗刀的工作原理：本实用新型属于一种浮动式镗刀，包括镗刀体及压盖，由两块刀片组成的用压盖扣压并保持浮动在镗刀体上的镗刀片，进给量微调机构，其特征是：进给量微调机构有机地构成于镗刀体和镗刀片之中，刀片的刀刃连线恒正交于机床主轴线。因而它比较现有浮动式镗刀有两方面优点：

Working principle of a floating boring knife: the utility model belongs to a floating boring cutter, which comprises a boring cutter body and a cap, which is composed of two pieces of blade, which is buckled with a cap and keeps floating on the boring cutter body, and the feed micro adjustment mechanism is characterized by the organic composition of a feed rate adjusting mechanism in a boring cutter body and a boring blade. The blade of the blade is connected to the main axis of the machine tool. Therefore, it has two advantages compared with the existing floating boring cutter.

①进给量可直接微调，无须拆卸刀片；

The feed rate can be adjusted directly without removing the blade.

②工作时，刀刃恒以主轴为轴心旋转，故而镗孔精度更高。

2. When working, the blade is always rotated by spindle, so the accuracy of boring is higher.

快换镗刀杆：本实用新型提供了一种镗床、镗铣床和加工中心用的省力快换镗刀杆。它由锥柄、刀体台阶轴、摩擦紧固套、快换刀杆和刀头紧固螺钉组成。其特点是台阶轴表面与摩擦紧固套内孔是无间隙配合，快换刀杆与刀体台阶轴靠螺纹连接，在拧紧螺纹时，其端面Ａ与摩擦紧固套端面ａ紧贴，同时摩擦紧固套的另一端面与刀体台阶轴端面ｃ紧贴，从而使快换刀杆、摩擦紧固套和刀体台阶轴连成一个整体，从而实现了定心和传扭。

Quick change boring bar: the utility model provides a labor-saving quick changing boring tool bar for boring machine, boring milling machine and machining center. The utility model is composed of a taper shank, a cutter body step shaft, a friction fastening sleeve, a quick change tool holder and a cutter head fastening screw. Its characteristic is that the surface of the step shaft is matched with the inner hole of the friction fastening sleeve, and the fast changing tool bar is connected with the thread of the knife body step shaft. When the thread is tightened, the end face A of the end face is tightly attached to the end face of the friction fastening sleeve, and the other end face of the friction fastening sleeve is tightly attached to the end face of the knife body step shaft at the same time, so that the quick change of the knife rod and the friction are fastened. The sleeve and cutter body step shaft are connected into one whole, thus centering and twisting are realized.

具有一个或两个切削部分、专门用于对已有的孔进行粗加工、半精加工或精加工的刀具。镗刀可在镗床、车床或铣床上使用。因装夹方式的不同，镗刀柄部有方柄、莫氏锥柄和7:24锥柄等多种形式。

A cutting tool that has one or two cutting parts, which is used for rough machining, semi finishing or finishing of existing holes. The boring cutter can be used in a boring machine, a lathe or a milling machine. Because of the different clamping methods, the boring tool handle has various forms, such as square handle, Morse taper shank and 7:24 taper shank.

单刃镗刀切削部分的形状与车刀相似。为了使孔获得高的尺寸精度，精加工用镗刀的尺寸需要准确地调整。微调镗刀可以在机床上准确地调节镗孔尺寸，它有一个精密游标刻线的指示盘，指示盘同装有镗刀头的心杆组成一对精密丝杆螺母副机构。当转动螺母时，装有刀头的心杆即可沿定向键作直线移动，借助游标刻度读数精度可达 0.001毫米。镗刀的尺寸也可在机床外用对刀仪预调。

The shape of the cutting part of the single edge boring cutter is similar to that of the lathe tool. In order to achieve high dimensional accuracy, the size of the boring cutter needs to be adjusted accurately. A fine tuning boring cutter can accurately adjust the bore size on the machine tool. It has a precise indicator plate with a precision cursor line. The indicator plate is composed of a pair of precision silk rod and nut pairs with the core of the boring cutter head. When the nut is rotated, the core rod with a cutter head can move straight along the direction key, and the reading accuracy can reach 0.001 millimeters by means of the vernier scale. The size of boring cutter can also be pre adjusted by the tool presenter outside the machine tool.

双刃镗刀有两个分布在中心两侧同时切削的刀齿，由于切削时产生的径向力互相平衡,可加大切削用量,生产效率高。双刃镗刀按刀片在镗杆上浮动与否分为浮动镗刀和定装镗刀。浮动镗刀适用于孔的精加工。它实际上相当于铰刀，能镗削出尺寸精度高和表面光洁的孔，但不能修正孔的直线性偏差。为了提高重磨次数，浮动镗刀常制成可调结构。

The double edge boring cutter has two cutter teeth which are distributed simultaneously on both sides of the center. Because of the balance of the radial force produced during the cutting, the cutting amount can be increased and the production efficiency is high. The double edged boring cutter is divided into a floating boring cutter and a fixed boring cutter according to whether the blade is floating on the boring bar. The floating boring cutter is suitable for the finishing of holes. It is actually equivalent to a reamer, which can bore holes with high dimensional accuracy and smooth surface, but can not correct the straight deviation of holes. In order to increase the regrinding frequency, the floating boring cutter is often made of adjustable structure.

为了适应各种孔径和孔深的需要并减少镗刀的品种规格，人们将镗杆和刀头设计成系列化的基本件──模块。使用时可根据工件的要求选用适当的模块，拼合成各种镗刀，从而简化了刀具的设计和制造。

In order to meet the needs of various sizes of holes and holes and reduce the specifications of boring cutters, boring bar and cutter head are designed as a series of basic parts -- modules. According to the requirements of the workpiece, appropriate modules can be selected to make all kinds of boring knives so as to simplify the design and manufacture of the tools.